Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Associations of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A Levels with Obesity in Children: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015 to 2017: Moon Young Seo, Shinje Moon, Shin-Hye Kim, Mi Jung Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):249-260. Published online April 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1235

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Background
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are synthetic chemicals widely used in daily life. This study investigated urinary phthalate and BPA levels in Korean children and their associations with obesity. Methods: A total of 2,351 children aged 3 to 17 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015 to 2017 were included. Urinary dilution was corrected using covariate-adjusted standardization (CAS). We examined the geometric mean (GM) concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites, including di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (mono [2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl] phthalate, mono [2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl] phthalate, and mono [2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl] phthalate [MECPP]), mono-benzyl-phthalate (MBzP), mono (carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP), mono (carboxy-isononyl) phthalate (MCNP), mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and mono-n-butyl-phthalate (MnBP), and BPA. We also analyzed the odds ratio (OR) for obesity according to the quartiles of each analyte. Results: The urinary GM levels of DEHP metabolites and MnBP were notably higher among Korean children than among American, Canadian, and German children. The CAS-applied GM concentrations of most analytes, except for MBzP, MCOP, and MCNP, were higher in children aged 3 to 5 years than in those aged 6 to 17 years. The OR for obesity in the highest quartile of MECPP was significantly higher than in the lowest quartile after adjusting for covariates. However, the other phthalate metabolites and BPA were not significantly associated with obesity. Conclusion: The concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites and MnBP were higher in Korean children than in children in Western countries. Urinary MECPP exposure, but not other phthalates or BPA, showed a positive association with obesity in Korean children. Further studies are required to elucidate the causal relationships.

Citations

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Diethyl phthalate, a plasticizer, induces adipocyte inflammation and apoptosis in mice after long‐term dietary administration
Shirsha Mondal, Soumyadeep Basu, Songita Ghosh, Suktara Guria, Sutapa Mukherjee
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Nontargeted metabolomic evidence for antagonism between tetracycline and its resistance bacteria underlying their obesogenic effects on Caenorhabditis elegans
Zhuo Li, Di Wu, Zhenyang Yu, Changzheng Cui, Daqiang Yin
Science of The Total Environment.2023; 859: 160223. CrossRef
Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study
Seonhwa Lee, Hye Ah Lee, Bohyun Park, Hyejin Han, Young Sun Hong, Eun Hee Ha, Hyesook Park
Environmental Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Bisphenol A substitutes and childhood obesity at 7 years: a cross-sectional study in Shandong, China
Minyan Chen, Cheng Lv, Shanyu Zhang, Lap Ah Tse, Xinyu Hong, Xi Liu, Yu Ding, Ping Xiao, Ying Tian, Yu Gao
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(29): 73174. CrossRef
Association between Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults: Mediation analysis of body mass index and waist circumference in the NHANES
Youming He, Jun Zou, Ting Hong, Dan Feng
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2023; 179: 113968. CrossRef
Association between phthalate exposure and obesity risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Qian Wu, Gang Li, Chen-Yang Zhao, Xiao-Lin Na, Yun-Bo Zhang
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.2023; 102: 104240. CrossRef
Levels of Bisphenol A and its analogs in nails, saliva, and urine of children: a case control study
Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros, Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz, Vega Almazán Fernández de Bobadilla, Celia Monteagudo, Rafael Giménez-Martínez, Lourdes Rodrigo, Alberto Zafra-Gómez, Ana Rivas
Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Nontargeted Metabolomic Evidence for Antagonism between Tetracycline and its Resistance Bacteria Underlying Their Obesogenic Effects on Caenorhabditis Elegans
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SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Lipid Profiles and Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adolescents.: Shin Hye Kim, Byung Chul Ahn, Hyojee Joung, Mi Jung Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):208-216. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.208

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Korean adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data for 3,045 adolescents aged 10-18 years (1,622 boys and 1,423 girls) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2007 to 2010. RESULTS: The mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 159, 89, 89, and 52 mg/dL, respectively. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly higher in girls than those in boys (162.1 mg/dL vs. 155.6 mg/dL, P < 0.0001). The 90th percentile values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C were 192, 149, 117 mg/dL for boys, and 195, 147, 119 mg/dL for girls. The 10th percentile value of HDL-C was 38 mg/dL for boys and 40 mg/dL for girls. Triglyceride, LDL-C cholesterol levels increased, whereas plasma HDL-C levels decreased with increasing the body mass index (P < 0.0001) in both genders. Total cholesterol levels significantly increased with increasing the body mass index, especially in boys (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25.2% for boys and 21.7% for girls; this value significantly increased with overweight (37-40%) and obesity (53-56%). Independent predictors (odds ratio) of dyslipidemia were age (1.49), overweight (2.06), and obesity (5.11) for boys; overweight (1.95) and obesity (3.22) for girls. CONCLUSION: Adolescent dyslipidemia is strongly associated with obesity. Lipid screening for overweight or obese youths should be emphasized. Further, longitudinal studies examining the impact of childhood obesity and dyslipidemia on subsequent cardiovascular diseases are needed.

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The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Children.2021; 8(5): 404. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(6): 410. CrossRef
Trends in Serum Lipid Profiles Among Korean Adolescents, 2007–2018
Da-Young Jeong, Shin-Hye Kim, Moon Young Seo, Sinyoung Kang, Mi Jung Park
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 4189. CrossRef
Trends of physiological and lifestyle risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Korea adolescents: Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2007–2015)
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2020; 37(3): 85. CrossRef
2017 Clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia of Korean children and adolescents
Jung Sub Lim, Eun Young Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Jae-Ho Yoo, Kyung Hee Yi, Hyun Wook Chae, Jin-Ho Choi, Ji Young Kim, Il Tae Hwang
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2020; 25(4): 199. CrossRef
2017 Clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia of Korean children and adolescents
Jung Sub Lim, Eun Young Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Jae-Ho Yoo, Kyung Hee Yi, Hyun Wook Chae, Jin-Ho Choi, Ji Young Kim, Il Tae Hwang
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2020; 63(12): 454. CrossRef
Short Stature is Associated with Increased Risk of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adolescents and Adults
Na-Kyung Oh, Yun-Mi Song, Shin-Hye Kim, Mi Jung Park
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Distribution of the Fasting Lipid Levels and Validation of the Reference Interval in Korean Adolescents
Seyoung Kwon, Youngak Na
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2018; 50(3): 253. CrossRef
Impact of lifestyle factors on trends in lipid profiles among Korean adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys study, 1998 and 2010
Shin-Hye Kim, Young-Hwan Song, Sangshin Park, Mi-Jung Park
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2016; 59(2): 65. CrossRef
Consumption of Added Sugars and Lipid Profiles in Korean Population from a Cohort Study
Sang Yeun Kim, Sun Ha Jee
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2015; 4(1): 17. CrossRef
Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: When and How to Diagnose and Treat?
Jung Min Yoon
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2014; 17(2): 85. CrossRef
The current state of dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents and its management in clinical practice
Jung Sub Lim
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2013; 18(1): 1. CrossRef

Review Article

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pubertal Development.: Shin Hye Kim, Mi Jung Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(1):20-27. Published online March 1, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.1.20

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Abstract PDF

During the past decades, advancement in pubertal onset especially in girls has been noticed worldwide. Genetic factors and increasing prevalence of adiposity may contribute, however ubiquitous presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is suspected to be involved in the trend of earlier pubertal onset. Most of known EDCs have estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic actions and few have androgenic or anti-estrogenic effects. Some studies reported earlier age at menarche after exposure to polycholorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls, dicholordiphenyltrichloroethane, phthalate esters, while several other studies found no effect of these compounds on Tanner stages or age at menarche in girls. Limited studies reported an association of delayed puberty in boys and exposure to PCBs or the pesticide endosulfan. However, epidemiological research on the effects of EDCs on sexual maturation is hampered by many pitfalls, such as the mixture of many chemicals with different effects in environment, unidentified critical window of exposure, and limited knowledge about the time lag between exposure and effect. In this paper, we reviewed possible mode of actions of different chemical compounds, and summarized animal/human studies shown the effects of EDCs on the pubertal development.

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Effects of Sleep Pattern, Stress, Menstrual Attitude, and Behavior That Reduces Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents
Hye Jin Kim, So Young Choi, Haeyoung Min
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 423. CrossRef
Relationship among Pro-environmental Attitude, Behavior to Decrease Exposure, Knowledge of Endocrine Disruptors, and Obesity-related Profiles in Nursing Students
Min A Kim
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016; 18(3): 160. CrossRef
Comparison of growth and pubertal progression in wild type female rats with different bedding types
Byung Ho Kang, Shin-Hee Kim, Kyung A Jung, So Youn Kim, Sung-Hoon Chung, Young Shil Park, Kyung Lim Yoon, Kye Shik Shim
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2015; 20(1): 53. CrossRef

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